ESRI UC 2007 Plenary Session
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ESRI UC 2007 Plenary Session

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Industry News
ESRI UC 2007 Plenary Session
by Susan Smith

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Plenary Session attendees

The “Geographic Approach” was this year’s conference theme, Jack Dangermond’s definition of a “geographic approach” is a “framework for understanding but also for managing our earth that allows us to create knowledge by systemically measuring the whole earth, and to create and apply our knowledge using quantitative, analytic dimensions, presented in powerful visualizations, which help us integrate geography into how we behave.”

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Jack Dangermond, ESRI president

Jack Dangermond launched from that point to suggesting that we need new approaches to problem solving, managing information, how we see things, relationships, significance of patterns and consequences, changes in the way we do things, how we make decisions, what we design, where we put our foot down. “Geography helps us see world as a living whole, provides a wonderful context for understanding, to see the world as a network of little systems interconnecting, see how we are part of its evolution.”

Saudi Aramco Corporation was awarded the Enterprise Application Award. The company covers the entire landmass of Saudi Arabia. They use GIS to safeguard their assets and maintain a robust geodatabase.

The Nature Conservancy was awarded the President’s Award, received by Steve McCormick, president. Their mission is to preserve plants and animals. Traditionally they bought land to accomplish this but now they are intersecting with the humanness of landscapes, which requires a more sophisticated understanding of how landscapes work. GIS gets more important at this level. McCormick spoke of our human instinct to nurture and that we need to nurture nature.

Dangermond said that “GIS will become an instrument for evolution: an information infrastructure that is determining our future.”

GIS implementations follow common patterns: desktop, multi-user, federated. A fourth pattern, the GeoWeb, is emerging that can be used to achieve these same ideas.

Dangermond said we used to have a “Web 1” directional kind of pattern, we are now in “Web 2” kind of pattern, with data on two machines collaborating. There is the integration of different data sets, called Mashups, bringing overlays from different services, including user contributed data. This is where GIS will take geography further.

He attributes this development to organizations such as Microsoft and Google who are using this platform to provide geography to the entire world. Their vision, as he explains it, is to georeference all the content on the web, making it one more dimension of search. They’re demonstrating the value and reach of what the web environment provides. Soon we’ll be able to fuse this information together, into our professional GIS systems, and will extend the geographic approach to everyone.

Enabling technology for all this will include bigger bandwidth, faster machines, mobile, real time sensor networks that bring data in and fuse it, servers, phone, PDA, laptop, desktop, and more interesting software.

This summer is the 25th anniversary of the release of ArcInfo. Dangermond reminded the audience that machines then were one million times slower than they are today (he sold some of those machines to you). In ten years, we’ll have 100 times faster processors. In your lifetime you should experience machines that are 1 million times faster and smaller.

ArcGIS

ArcGIS is available in many modes: mobile, online content services, server, desktop, Explorer, web. You can author on the Desktop, put it on the server and serve out for free, easy to use clients to access and manipulate.

ArcGIS 9.2, which shipped last year, represented over 1,000 person years of engineering and development.

ArcGIS 9.3 is being developed right now. It improves fundamental quality. The release will be incrementally released as a series of service packs with a large release next year. Its focus is on the refinement of quality and documentation, and includes hundreds of smaller things that round it out for specific workflows.

Enhancements include:
-technologies to improve fundamental geographic science –
Geographic weighted regression – The analogy given was that we might make a prediction that certain plants grow in some soils better than others. Geographically weighted statistics are about being able to predict one variable with a bunch of other ones and discover relationship easily.
- improving scripting and model building
- huge improvements in mapping and labeling – i.e., WYSIWYG editing. You can move symbols around and see what you get, curved graticules, stack and dip geology, etc.
- 3D analysis and visualization – faster import of web services, tracking in 3D, improved rendering, schematic diagramming which takes mapped data and allows you to make a topological diagram from it, introducing new diagram types.
- caching and performance
- mashups
- security for web applications
- editing Cadastral Fabrics with Survey Analyst. Clint Brown described this feature. In Survey Analyst, one of primary layers you build is the cadastre. Survey data is the first thing you bring in and then the data model comes in next, which is called Cadastral Fabric. You add new parcel data to it, bring CAD lines, copy and paste them into cadastral job. You pull in all you need to build new parcels, also have points that are parcel corners, build them to get elements of Cadastral Fabric.

It is up to the user to join parcels to Cadastral Fabric, match new points to existing points in the cadastral fabric. You use the autojoin functionality to match all adjoining points in the example subdivision, adjust parcel lines so they match the orthophoto, then commit the changes back to the Cadastral Fabric Layer.

This product was built with GeoCadastre Information Systems of Australia, and will be released this summer as part of Survey Analyst, a part of Service Pack 3.

Dangermond said that it is easy to insert CAD into the Cadastral Fabric data model which holds all the original survey measurements as part of the individual parcels.

ArcGIS Server

ArcGIS Server is designed as a complete GIS server, serving knowledge on the web – mapping, 3D visualization, modeling and analysis, and data management. 9.3 focuses on:
-improving documentation
-improving scalability and performance
-interoperability capabilities
- image service
- ability to have more secure role based security
-ability to do mashups

ArcGIS Server manages geodatabases which do two things – 1) manage information model of geographic information and 2) manages that data in an integrated way in a scalable storage environment in big databases like Oracle, SQL Server, etc. Also, at 9.3 ESRI will support the open source PostGRES.

The ArcGIS Server also manages replicated copies of data such as change only updates, such as between various agencies which collaboratively maintain data (i.e., city, county, etc.)

ArcGIS Server has a system for mapping, analyzing and visualizing imagery. By including the Imager Server tool as part of the stack of ArcGIS Server, users will be able to take raw imagery right from media and make it immediately available without previous process.

A new mobile application, ArcGIS Mobile, is a lightweight client for field use powered by ArcGIS Server that can be configured with processing. You can collect features such as photos, generate driving directions all in a disconnected mode.

ArcGIS Server also includes ArcGIS Explorer, a free, downloadable tool that resembles Google Earth. It has wonderful visualization and continuous viewing, and analytical tools that allows you to request of the server. You can access ArcGIS Server with modeling services, and can connect to ArcGIS Online and overlay those services with ArcGIS Server services.

ArcGIS Server is open and interoperable, with enterprise standards, and OGC-compliance built in so it can interoperate within the IT stack. ESRI has been working closely with Adobe for increased interoperability with PDF, and with Microsoft and Google toward increasing interoperability.

ArcGIS for AutoCAD is a free download that has been available for awhile, and is currently focused on mapping. In the future it will also focus on data management, spatial analysis and editing.

ArcGIS Server supports mashups. If you take two services from the web and bring them into your web application, you can read them in and overlay them like overlaying two map, and re-serve them out for someone else to view. ESRI has had this capability with SOAP for some time, but this is more lightweight and easy to do. It’s possible to bring data in from Google or Microsoft and use it with your other data. Everyone can use it.

ArcGIS Server can be federated (enterprise environment), meaning that different departments using web services and service oriented architecture (SOA) will replicate data in an enterprise database for backup and recovery. Using web services standards you will have the ability to integrate distributed services and serve each other within an organization and also out to other organizations.

ArcGIS Online is a family of Web-based products that enhance the ArcGIS user experience, by allowing you to “access 2D basemaps, 3D globes, and functional services via the Web to support your GIS work.” ArcGIS Online is authored using Desktop and served using Server.

When not wanting to rely on online services, you can use ArcGIS Online Data Delivery – you can specify format and projection for your download, which can come from a storage device, ftp site. You can use an ArcGIS data appliance, which contains all the worldwide, nationwide data available in a format that you can plug into your ArcGIS Online structure.

ArcWeb Services extends ArcGIS Online services. Behind these services are a whole set of ESRI data products, which are in the box when you get ArcGIS. You will be able to buy a globe and put it behind the firewall and use it yourself.

Dangermond said that ESRI creates data products almost as a sideline but it has become a main business.

Solution Products include:

- GeoPortal Solution – toolkit for building SDI portals, not just GeoSpatial One Stop
Production line mapping tools –
- JTX – a workflow management system
- mobile environment – such as ArcGIS Mobile server extension, also ArcPad – leader in ArcGIS in the field. The U.S. Census is getting 400,000 copies to take the 2010 census.
- Web solution used in consumer applications
- Solutions for military, GEOINT, business people, logistics
- Logistics – ArcLogistics Route addresses issues of space and time.

How ESRI is doing

The Online campus promises to drive the cost of training down.
The 9.2 release was more successful in its adoption rate than any previous release. ESRI is committed to helping out with implementation, with strategies such as embedding support staff inside the development team, with support as part of the cycle to build product.

Staff is being added, with support services growing by 30 percent. In 9.3 diagnostic reporting will be added as low level code in the release that will generate reports and get better software to users. Sounds like the stuff of dreams, but users will have complete access to the ESRI bug list on a daily basis, and there will be a more active online community in a sort of one stop shop/online support center.

ESRI has grown “perhaps another 15 percent this year,” according to Dangermond.

Job Tracking (JTX) in ArcGIS

ArcMap goes directly to the area of interest previously defined. The Job Tracking extension embeds functionality in ArcMap, describes what feature classes need to be generated, directs user to export map as JPEG for use later in the job. Departments can use the same job tracking application to track jobs, and can provide countywide level of collaboration.

You can apply geographic weighted regression quite widely to many health statistics, natural resources, and re-execute a model that has already run. You can compare before and after data, and take local patterns and processes into consideration.

ArcGIS Engine can be used to build a custom solution to do dynamic display to track objects and events. In the example given, ambulances in Kansas City use Bradshaw Consulting to dynamically manage their ambulance public safety assets.

Dynamic display is an enhancement to ArcGIS Engine which leverages a multithreaded environment, and can leave static maps static, without forcing a repaint of the entire display. You can use it to look at historic call information and a density map lets you visualize areas of high demand.

With this information you can place ambulances in areas that will ensure a shorter response time. Rendering is possible through Dynamic Display. Tracking Server is used to collect data and put up to a client which uses ArcGIS Engine.

The ArcPad 7 release, in beta right now, will introduce the following features –
In a field with limited or no pre existing data, you can start capture data quickly with these two enhancements a) Streetmap extension and QuickProject tool. Street Map is included at no cost, which includes Streetmap data for the whole U.S or Canada. You can use the QuickProject tool to capture data. With the GPS tool you can capture data in the field. b) editing complex data relationships. ArcPad supports adding related tables. When data has been extracted from the ArcPad geodatabase, it honors the database schema in the field. You can use ArcPad Data Manager Extension to add data to the geodatabase.

ArcGIS Server – CIOs are increasingly dealing with servers, according to former CIO John Young, and organizations are dependent upon enterprise servers. Enterprise GIS will likely be considered a mission critical application.

Requirements:
- systems must be highly reliable and recoverable.
- scalable, flexible
- strong security
- know enterprise GIS will be used by non GIS specialists.
- no unpleasant surprises, for when mission critical systems fail, organizations stop.
- based on SOA

Mentioned here is Adapx (pronounced "Adapts") who introduced the product Mapx, a technology that enables you to use digital pen and paper or a large format map for data collection. This fully integrated software solution with ESRI ArcGIS software allows users to draw on a map as they have always done, yet the information is captured in the pen, which holds a small computer. When the pen is docked into a USB port, all the pen-written features automatically update the geodatabase.

Another product mentioned is National Geographic’s Meta Lens, which is a web based environment that connects users and organizations, regardless of location, in real time in a way that ties what, when and where together. It is an cataloging, retrieval and storing system that assembles small pieces for you. With an Adobe Flex based user interface, the Meta Lens allows you to focus on your digital media assets and find all photos or maps that will appear on the map as icons.

Other advancements to look forward to:
-OQL is an SQL-like query language and a way to access data in the 02 database.
-Windows Vista will be able to run the entire ArcGIS Desktop
-SAIC data appliance rack offers base plus application servers and wireless networking.
-OmniGlobe helps educate and understand GIS in society.

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Don Cooke, Lifetime Achievement Award Winner
Lifetime Achievement Award

The Lifetime Achievement Award was presented to Don Cooke, who was a member of the Census Bureau team that developed the method to store digital spatial data known as the Dual Independent Map Encoding (DIME) system in 1967. Cooke founded Geographic Data Technology, Inc. (GDT) in 1980, which was the major TIGER digitizing contractor in the mid-1980s, and data supplier to the Census Bureau. GDT was acquired by Tele Atlas in 2004 and Cooke remains an integral part of the company as Chief Scientist. In May 2000, Cooke wrote Have Fun with GPS.

Education

Every year, ESRI introduces young people who are doing great things with GIS. Charlie Fitzpatrick has a passion for kids and bringing GIS into education, and spoke about what rich learning experiences kids have had with GIS, often using only modest tools.

Jack Dangermond reminisced that the launch of the ESRI program for education of children coincided with the release of ArcView 1, and now some of those young people are in college studying GIS.

This year, Shanoa Miller of Hawaii, presented her Fire Ant project. In Maui there are 44 different species identified. She recorded their location with GPS using ArcMap, and identified 16 different species of ants. Also she worked on the invasive Banana Bunchy top virus, which threatens to ruin the local banana industry. It is carried by an insect vector. Miller genetically identified the distribution of this virus which can travel up to 30 meters every three months. She determined what properties to survey, what home owners to contact, took samples of plants to see if they were genetically predisposed to the virus. She felt she must educate people about how an invasive species can affect a small island.

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From left: Jack Dangermond, Charlie Fitzpatrick, Shanoa Miller, Martin Davis, Zack Henry
Martin Davis and Zack Henry from White County, Arkansas created an elevation map of their county which is comprised of mountains and farmland. There are 60,000 people in the entire county. It is difficult to get help when needed. The boys thought it would help in an emergency to have a helicopter landing area 100 feet from roads, streams and rivers. “When we finished this project we realized we needed more landing zones,” said Davis. “For the map to be useful we needed latitude and longitude of each landing site, fire department radio frequencies, locations of fire departments in counties, and the site must be 100x100 feet, with no buffer around roads as he could land on roads if necessary.”

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Dr. Wangari Matthai, Nobel Peace Prize Award Winner 2004

The Green Belt Movement and Dr. Wangari Maathai

Dr. Wangari Maathai is the founder of the Green Belt Movement, which is responsible for planting over 40 million trees across Kenya since 1977, all planted by rural women. Dr. Maathai is the winner of the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize, and in 2002 was elected to Kenya’s Parliament in the first free elections held in a generation. In 2003, she was appointed assistant minister for the environment.

Maathai pointed out that it is impossible to have peace without human rights. If we don’t share resources more equitably, we promote causes of conflict. “If we look around the world today, we will see that many wars are being fought over resources, whether oil, diamonds, drinking water, land,” she said. “The human family must shift to think that bullets are not threatening us, the way we are distributing our resources are the threat. When people feel they are unfairly treated or not with respect they seek justice, some people seek it violently, others may choose to seek it non violently. Some people cannot seek it because of abject poverty.”

GBM started in 1977, when as a professor at the University of Nairobi, Maathai also wanted to be associated with the struggle for women. The United Nations wanted a meeting of all women of the world in Mexico. While they were discussing the agenda, Maathai learned that the women from the countryside didn’t have food for their children, the children were suffering from diseases, there was no income, or drinking water. “I made the link between what these women were saying and the environment. They were talking about a degraded environment.”

Maathai believes that many people would not be poor if they could take care of their environment. Poverty is not just a situation – you have to get involved in the political system that has caused the problem.

Along with planting trees, Maathai began to teach self-governance, which included becoming a critical mass of people who say no to oppression. Ultimately she mobilized thousands of women to establish three nurseries and taught them how to take care of the trees. The women are compensated financially for the trees they plant.

Why trees? “Trees are like soldiers, they are protecting the land, harvesting rainwater, so rivers can flow. cleaning air, providing shade, habitat for wildlife, and changing landscapes,” she explained.

As a result of GBM’s work, poverty has been reduced in the areas where the trees are planted, scholarships are given especially to girl children who are disadvantaged to keep them in school, and there is a program to help people with HIV/AIDs.

The protection of the mountains is critical, said Maathai, as they are the source of clean drinking water. The mountains provide over 90 percent of the water for the country.

70 percent of the people live around these mountains. Mt. Kenya is the tallest mountain in Africa.

Peter Ndunda, GIS specialist for GBM, said they do field GIS and use remote sensing data to identify areas of significant forest loss. They also use GIS for carbon poverty reduction, and can illustrate income generation, poverty alleviation and sustainable land management.

“We have to remain patient and committed to what we have to do,” said Maathai in closing. “Doing the best we can as long as we live.”

Top News of the Week

Learn the advantages of and the steps involved in creating a spatial data infrastructure in Building European Spatial Data Infrastructures, authored by Ian Masser, a new book from ESRI Press. The book demonstrates how European governments and the European Union (EU) are at the forefront of promoting geographic information technologies to help citizens get quick access to location-based information.

The European Commission, the executive body of the EU, is working to create a multinational system of sharing data throughout the EU. Spatial data infrastructures (SDIs) provide the foundation for that to happen. SDIs include the spatial data, metadata, technology, standards, and policies that must be in place and connected to exchange, use, and manage spatial data efficiently and flexibly using computer networks.

Acquisitions/Agreements/Alliances

Leica Geosystems Geospatial Imaging, LLC announced that it has acquired all outstanding shares of IONIC Software, a geospatial software company headquartered in Liege, Belgium, as well as all the shares of the related American company IONIC Enterprise. Together, these companies are referred to as IONIC.

A global company, IONIC provides state-of-the art, enterprise geospatial technology with the most advanced service-oriented mapping available for web-based and distributed systems. IONIC’s strength in the defense, space, government and commercial enterprise sectors complements Leica Geosystems’ market presence and existing product portfolio.

Announcements

The successful launch of the German radar satellite TerraSAR-X on Friday, June 15th from the Russian Cosmodrome in Baikonur, Kazakhstan, is the first significant milestone in the implementation of a public-private-partnership (PPP) between the German Aerospace Centre (DLR) and Infoterra’s parent company Astrium GmbH.

MAPPS Releases Statement on QBS Litigation Ruling

People

Rob Bennett has resigned from his position as President of Municipal Solutions Group Inc. as well as its related companies, and has resigned from the Board of Directors of the companies. Rob co-founded the company in 1982 with a view to improving the tools that local governments use to manage and analyze information to decrease costs for those agencies, increase service levels to their customers, and to allow jurisdictions to make better decisions.

New Products

Garmin International Inc., a unit of Garmin Ltd. announced the nuvi 200W and the nuvi 250W -- two new widescreen GPS navigators that are sleek looking, simple-to-use, and affordable.

The nuvi 200W series boasts a bright, sunlight readable 4.3-inch color touchscreen display (480x272 pixels). Like other models in the 200 series, the nuvi's new design incorporates a high-sensitivity internal GPS antenna that makes it thinner and even easier to mount in a car. At startup, users are presented with Garmin's intuitive "Where to?" and "View map" welcome screen, allowing for quick searches of addresses or nearly six million points of interest like restaurants, hotels, attractions, gas stations, and more. Turn-by-turn, voice-prompted directions guide the driver to their destination. The nuvi automatically recalculates a route and gets them back on track if they miss a turn along the way.

Adapx (pronounced "Adapts") revealed a new software product call Mapx(TM)--a fully integrated software solution that enables digital pen-and-paper-based data collection with ESRI(R) ArcGIS mapping software.

GeoLytics released the GeocodeDVD Version 4.0 with improved address matching based on the latest 2006 2nd Edition TIGER/Line Files. Version 4.0 improves geocoding efficiency 10% over previous GeoLytics geocoding software. The latest version also appends Zip+4s to the matched address, as well as assigns historic 1970, 1980, and 1990 Census tract and block group codes, in addition to the latitude, longitude, and 2000 Census block code

DigitalGlobe announced its second half of 2007 aerial flight plan with the commitment to collect more than 276,000 km2 of US aerial imagery at a one-foot resolution, setting the industry standard for the clearest ready-to-purchase aerial imagery available. During the second half of this year, more than 60 cities with populations greater than 50,000 will be flown, bringing DigitalGlobe's total planned new aerial markets to 668,000 km2 for 2007. Collectively, DigitalGlobe will have digitally imaged 108 US cities in 2007 through its aerial collection plan. DigitalGlobe also announced that starting this year, in conjunction with its extensive network of content partners, it will acquire urban metro areas with six-inch resolution or higher aerial images.

Microsoft Corp. and Intermap Technologies Corp. announced the launch of Microsoft’s enhanced Virtual Earth™ 3-D viewing platform based on Intermap Technologies’ highly accurate and up-to-date elevation data for all of Great Britain. Intermap is also creating similar maps for all of Western Europe and the continental United States. The resulting product delivers a more seamless and accurate 3-D experience for all Internet users visiting Microsoft’s Live Search Maps for England, Scotland and Wales.

A new workbook published by ESRI Press teaches basic to complex aspects of using geographic information system (GIS) technology, providing lessons in everything from creating maps to using models for advanced analysis.

The second edition of GIS Tutorial: Workbook for ArcView 9 by authors Wilpen L. Gorr and Kristen S. Kurland, provides updated exercises for ArcView 9.2 and will help both beginners and experienced users become better versed in GIS software functionality.

Around the Web

Conquering the Peak Test of Technology by Noam Cohen, June 18,2007, The New York Times (registration required) -- After weeks of climbing, Rod Baber recently reached the summit of Mount Everest, a dream fulfilled. At the top of the world, as dawn was breaking, he took off his oxygen mask and called his voice mailbox, leaving an exuberant, if weary, message.


Upcoming Events

2007 AWWA Annual Conference & Exposition (ACE07)
Date:June 24 - 28, 2007
Place:Metro Toronto Convention Centre
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
After celebrating 125 inspiring years of safe water at AWWA, we now look to the future — to what challenges and circumstances the next 125 years will bring. We invite you to be an integral part of the future of safe water by coming to ACE07 — AWWA's Annual Conference and Exposition, the most comprehensive and diverse water conference in the world. Help shape the future of water by attending ACE07 in Toronto!


32nd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE)
Date:June 25 - 29, 2007
Place:International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment (ISRSE)
Costa Rica, San Jose, USA
We are pleased to invite you to the 32nd International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment. The overall theme is the use of Earth observation systems in monitoring, understanding, and managing the environment with particular emphasis on achieving sustainable development. The symposium will include oral and poster sessions on vital issues of interest to research and educational institutions, government agencies, commercial entities, as well as resource managers, decision-makers in public and private sectors and scientists involved in remote sensing research and applications.


Geoinformatics Forum Salzburg 2007
Date:July 3 - 6, 2007
Place:Salzburg University,
Hellbrunner Strasse 34, Salzburg, 5020 Austria
The Salzburg University Centre for Geoinformatics has been organizing an annual regional conference dedicated to Applied Geoinformatics (AGIT) for over fifteen years. After several successful English speaking pre- and post-conferences on various topics, we have decided to follow our international partner organisations' suggestions to offer an annual English symposium co-located with AGIT and sharing the state-of-the art AGIT-EXPO exhibit. We invite you to attend GI-Forum 2007.


Diving into GIS and Earth Observation Technologies
Date:July 11 - 21, 2007
Place:Santa Cesarea Terme
Italy
The International Summer School DIGEO “Diving into GIS and Earth Observation Technologies” will take place during the 11th. - 21st. of July 2007 in the mediterranean locality of Santa Cesarea Terme in Italy. The main objective is to provide participants with the know-how needed to: - create and manage Geographic Information Systems (GIS), - integrate Remote Sensing - Satellite Image interpretation and GIS - collect underwater data while obtaining an International scuba SSI certificate


The Second ICA Workshop on Geospatial Analysis and Modeling
Date:July 12 - 13, 2007
Place:Xiaobai Angela Yao, and Bin Jiang
Athens , GA USA
The International Cartographic Association (ICA) workshop series aims to bring together researchers from academia and industry to present leading edge research findings, exchange ideas, and stimulate new research efforts around geospatial analysis and modeling.


National Association of Counties (NACo)
Date:July 13 - 17, 2007
Place:Richmond, VA USA
MARK YOUR CALENDARS! Registration for the 2007 NACo Annual Conference and Exposition will open in mid-February.


The 2007 Wireless & Mobile Expo and Conference
Date:July 17 - 18, 2007
Place:Ontario
Canada
The 2007 Wireless & Mobile Expo and Conference, being the global meeting place for the wireless industry, attracts key decision-makers to learn and purchase the latest products and solutions, offered by innovative technology vendors and service providers.


GEOBrasil Summit 2007
Date:July 17 - 19, 2007
Place:Imigrantes Exhibiiton Center
S©o Paulo , Brazil
Created in 2000, GEOBrasil Summit is, by far, the biggest and most important annual meeting of buyers, specialists and suppliers of solutions connected with geotechnologies of Latin America.